雅思口语7+秘籍-语法运用

　　学习雅思并非一朝一夕之事，坚持很难却也很酷。

　　虚拟语气

　　虚拟语气的定义：

　　虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气表示说话者做出的假设而非事实，或难以实现的情况，甚至表达彻底相反的概念。

　　此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时，也可用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法，愿望，假想，猜测，怀疑或建议，而不是根据客观实际，就用虚拟语气。虚拟语气是由句中的谓语动词的特殊形式表示出来的。

　　在雅思口语考试中，虚拟语气是一项非常耀眼的语法点，若果考生能够在口试过程中及时准确地使用出多种虚拟语气的句型来回答问题，肯定在语法评分上成为一个显著的加分项。

　　本文从虚拟语气的4种使用情况为读者们整理归纳了众多虚拟语气的句型。

　　在条件状语从句的虚拟语气

　　1.用if条件从句表示的虚拟条件，是虚拟条件最普通的方式。

　　①虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设，其if从句的谓语形式用动词的过去式(be一般用were)，主句用would/should/could/might+动词原形。

　　【句型结构】

　　If I were _____,I would/should/could/might do_______.

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:How to dispose garbage?

　　A:You know sometimes,people would litter around because they couldn’t find any trash can at hand.If I were in the position of my city’s mayor,I would invest a large sum of the city’s finance placing lots of trash bins along the roadside.Besides,I would carry out recycling programs and dispose of hazardous materials like batteries with far tougher standards.In a word,I think we just need to dispose of garbage in a safe and environmentally friendly manner.

　　②虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设，if从句的谓语形式用过去完成时（即had＋过去分词），主句用would/should/could/might+have+过去分词。

　　【句型结构】

　　If I had done_____ before,I could have done____.

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Describe a place you want to visit

　　A:If I had got enough time and money three years ago,I could have traveled to Santorini which is one of the most luxurious destinations in Greece.

　　2.除了表示虚假条件外，if从句还可以表示对将来的推测，由于是将来还没有发生的，所以谈不上是真实的还是虚假的，只能说这个事情发生的可能性有多大。一般情况下，可以用陈述语气的if从句来表示对一个未来事实的推测，这个事实是完全可能发生的。

　　【句型结构】

　　If sb.were to/should+动词原形，sb.would/should/could/might+动词原形。

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Will you buy perfume as a gift?

　　A:To be honest,giving others perfume as a gift is not that common with people I know.We prefer giving flowers or books instead because perfume seems to be kind of private.But it is really my mom’s favorite.If I should buy a bottle of Miss Dior for mom as her birthday gift,she might love it for sure.

　　含蓄条件句

　　非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表达出来，只暗含在副词、介词短语、上下文或其他方式表示出来，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句，在多数情况下，条件会暗含在短语中，如without…，but for…（要不是因为...）等。

　　【句型结构】

　　But for+noun,sb.would do…

　　Without+noun,sb.would not have done…

　　…,otherwise sb.would have done…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Do you think mathematics is important in our life?

　　A:Yes,I think so.You know,in our daily lives,most of us just think of mathematics as adding and subtracting like when go shopping,however,when you think about it more closely,you will realize that without mathematics,modern life would not be impossible.For instance,even some simple structures we take for granted such as bridge requires hundreds of different mathematical calculations in order to be designed,built and used safely.

　　用在宾语从句中的虚拟语气

　　1.在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中，需用虚拟语气。（wish后的that常省略），根据主句时态，从句谓语时态相应退后一位。

　　【句型结构】

　　I wish I were…

　　I wish I could have done…

　　I wish I could/would do…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:What kind of books do you like to read?

　　A:I wish I were more of a bookworm.To be honest,I don’t really have the patience to sit through a novel,I get distracted too easily and forget what I have read.When I do read,its usually a magazine or a short news article or something like that.

　　2.在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire,demand,advice,insist,require,suggest,propose,order,recommend,decide…)后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气，谓语动词用(should)+动词原形。值得注意的是，如果宾语从句的动词是否定的，否定词not的位置应在动词之前，而不是动词之后。

　　①在It is+上述动词的过去分词，其后所跟的主语从句中，如It is suggested that pupils wear school uniforms.

　　【句型结构】

　　It is suggested that…

　　It is demanded that…

　　It is required that…

　　It is recommended that…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Do you think schools should educate children to protect the environment?

　　A:Since on weekdays,children spend most of their time at school,I do believe that to maintain a healthy lifestyle,children should be educated in a positive way about the environment in order to create a sense of consciousness and participation.It is suggested that children should learn how to classify the garbage,have the awareness of pollution reduction and so on.

　　②表示“建议”后的宾语从句。主要是指advise，suggest，propose，recommend等的宾语从句，从句谓语由“should+动词原形”构成。

　　【句型结构】

　　...advise…should do...

　　...suggest…should do...

　　…recommend…should do…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Do you like drinking water?

　　A:Well,it is not a matter of likes or dislikes but a quite crucial part of our daily life.My mother always advises me that I should drink at least eight cups of water a day to keep my body moisturizing.

　　3.一般would rather，had rather，would sooner等之后的宾语从句常表示与客观事实不相符的一种愿望，故使用虚拟语气。would（had）rather,would sooner也用来表达主观愿望，它们之后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式表示现在或将来，用过去完成式表示与过去事实相反。

　　【句型结构】

　　……would rather+v+ed

　　……had rather+v+ed

　　……would sooner...v+ed

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:What kind of movies do you like?

　　A:Actions movies are the kind I preferred.I'd rather I had seen the Avengers earlier,as opposed to the romantic-comedy my girlfriend wanted to see.

　　其他形式的虚拟语气

　　1.It is+necessary等形容词后，that主语从句中虚拟形式使用，这类形容词包括necessary,important,essential,imperative,urgent,preferable,vital,advisable等。

　　【句型结构】

　　It is.......that+主语从句，从句的谓语动词常用should+动词原形

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Do you often wear makeup?

　　A:Once in a blue moon.I take part in some stage(art)performances occasionally.It is necessary that I should wear some makeup for those special events.

　　2.在if only引起的感叹句中需用虚拟语气。谓语动词用过去式或过去完成式。

　　【句型结构】

　　If only...were…/could have done…/could/would do…

　　【练习指导】

　　Q:Do you think people should protect our environment?

　　A:To my mind,of course.If only people were more aware of how fragile and delicate the natural environment was,we would surely pay more attention to protecting and conserving it.

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