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【官方名单】国雅思考生常犯的语法错误!

2018-10-29    

雅思写作和口语的评分标准中涉及到了语法的准确性,所以小雅提醒考生一定要注意总结自己常犯的语法错误,避免扣分。

雅思官方有关口语评分标准中谈到:“口语练习的时候要录音,重放录音检查自己的语法错误,建议考生注意动词和时态的用法。如果语法错误严重影响沟通理解的话,就可能会导致扣分。”


(口语评分标准有关语法的要求)

雅思写作的评分标准中也谈到考官将根据语法错误的程度酌情扣分,建议考生写完作文之后一定要抽出时间检查并修改错误,纠正这些错误将会帮助你提升成绩。


(写作有关语法准确性的要求)

那么,在雅思口语和写作考试中,中国考生常犯的语法错误有哪些呢?今天小雅学姐就为大家整理了一下,看看你有木有中招。本文将主要从词汇语法错误、句式语法错误等总结分析。

词汇语法错误

01、冠词使用错误

a.不定冠词:a/an

例句:I want to eat apple.

应改成:I want to eat an apple.

b.定冠词:the

例句:I was born in the Shanghai.

应改成:I was born in Shanghai.

一些由考生误以为“独一无二的事物前面都要加the”,不知道Shanghai,China,人名这类不由普通名词组成的专有名词前通常不加the。

注:定冠词“the”的使用规定有很多种情形,建议考生可以专门攻克一下。

c.不使用冠词

例句:Play the football

应改成:Play football

类似情形有:Have lunch, Go home, By car等都不使用冠词。

02、名词单复数错误

a.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加可数名词的复数,如“a few, few, a variety of, various, other, numerous等。

例句:Smoking cessation is one of the likely factor that contribute to the development of obesity.

应改成:Smoking cessation is one of the likely factors that contribute to the development of obesity.

b.有一些词后面一般要加可数名词的单数,如“any other, another, each, neither, either”。

例句:Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reasons.

应改成:Many teenagers begin smoking habits due to peer pressure but not for any other reason.

c.有一些词或者短语后面一般要加不可数名词,如“a little, little, less, much, enormous, a large amount of ”。

例句:Little progresses have been made towards tackling poverty.

应改成:Little progress has been made towards tackling poverty.

03、及物动词的使用错误

a.及物动词后一定要加名词或者名词性质的成分作宾语,构成主语+谓语动词+宾语的基本句型;否则就是错误的。

例句:I will discuss in some detail.

应改成:I will discuss this topic in detail.

b.有一些及物动词后面跟宾语和宾语补足语,构成主语+谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语的基本句型,如“make,see,have,let”,这些词后面跟的动词常用不加“to”的动词不定式。

例句:Education can let young people to find jobs easily after they finish their education.

应改成:Education can let young people find jobs easily after they finish their education.

04、介词的语法错误

a.介词不是连词,一般后面只接名词或者具备名词性质的短语或者带连词的宾语从句。比较容易被当做连词的介词有“despite,in spite of,during,because of,due to”,也不能加动词。

例句:Many children depend on their parents give support.

应改成:Many children depend on their parents’ support.

b.“to”在某些情况下(如词组“give rise to, contribute to, pay attention to, conform to, lead to”)作介词,需要加名词或者具备名词性质的东西充当宾语,而不是加动词原形充当不定式。

例句:There are many solutions to deal with the problem.

应改成:There are many solutions to the problem.

05、连词的使用错误

a.一般来说,两个连词不能同时用在句子中,典型的例子有:“because”和“so”, “although”和“but”。

例句:Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, but violent crimes are constantly rampant.

应改成:Although the crime rate is falling in many parts of the world, violent crimes are constantly rampant.

b.多于一个的名词、动词、形容词等出现的时候,需要使用并列连词“and,but”或者“or”。

例句:Smoking, drinking are banned in many places of work.

应改成:Smoking and drinking are banned in many places of work.

06、情态动词使用错误

有时过度重视时态,忽略了情态动词后面加动词要原形的原则。

例句:I thought the reason why I chose to study that subject was I could got a betterjob after learning that

应改成:I thought the reason why I chose to study that subjectwas I could get a better job after learning that.

07、代词单复数错误

使用代词要看所指代的名词的单复数,根据名词单复数使用相应的代词。

例句:Some parents do not obey traffic rules himself.

应改成:Some parents do not obey traffic rules themselves.

08、词性使用错误

修饰形容词或者动词应该用副词。

例句:Intelligent students should not be treated different by their teachers.

应改成:Intelligent students should not be treated differently by their teachers.

句子语法错误

01、主谓不一致

a.在英文中,你我、TA的动词形式不同。应是:I do; you do; she does; he does; it does.

例句: When one have money, he can do what he want to

应改为:Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).

b.动名词和不定式作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数。

例句:Raising standards of literacy are the government’s priority.

应改为:Raising standards of literacy is the government’s priority.

c.不可数名词作主语的时候谓语动词一定是单数;如果主语是“...of...”的词组,谓语的数需要和“of”之前的名词保持一致。

例句:The adequacy of financial resources are crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.

应改为:The adequacy of financial resources is crucial to the operation of a not-for-profit organisation.

d.当主语后跟着“with, together with, coupled with, combined with, as well as, like”的时候,谓语动词跟随主语变化。

例句:Overworking, coupled with poor diet, lead to physical degeneration.

应改为:Overworking, coupled with poor diet, leads to physical degeneration.

e.“there be”句型中谓语动词的数随着其后面的名词改变。

例句:There is a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.

应改为:There are a number of countries which perform poorly in containing pollution.

02、句子不完整

完整的句子是什么?一个主语+一个谓语已经可以构成最简单的完整句子。缺主语,或缺谓语,不能构成一个完整的句子。常犯的语法错误情形如下:

a.缺谓语

例句:The society developing rapidly.

应改成:The society develops rapidly.或The society is developing rapidly.

b.出现两个或两个以上主谓结构,一个句子有且只能有一个主谓结构。

例句:I do, he does not.

应改成:I do, but he does not.或I do. He does not.

c.缺表语

例句:The most popular kind of transport was by road.

应改成:The most popular kind of transport was road.

03、忽视平行结构

我们常用逗号,或连接词如:and,not only…but also…来连接两边平行的一些单词或句子。此时逗号及连接词左右两边连接的内容,需要形式平行,如名词和名词平行,形容词与形容词平行,动词与动词平行。

例如:

a.Expensive handmade items are creative and artistic.

此处,creative和artistic都是形容词,是正确的平行结构。

b.Working out and taking a rest are the best ways to maintain health.

此处working out和taking a rest是动名词做主语,形式一致,是正确的平行结构。而同学们常犯的错误是:working out and take a rest…此处结构就出现了错误。

c.The media gives us information and tells us the truth.

此处gives,tells结构一致,保持平行。常见错误写法:the media gives us information and telling us the truth.

04、双谓语错句

a.There be句型属于双谓语错句高发句型,因为句中的be动词已经是谓语,而句子后面的动词通常是定语从句中的成分,故不能作为主句中的谓语。

例句:There are many people agree tokeep pets at home.

应改成:There are many people who agree tokeep pets at home.

例句:There have many wildanimals in my country

应改成:There are many wild animals in my country.

b.整个句子做主语。

例句:Environmental pollution is becoming more serious is an undeniable fact.

应改为:It is an undeniable fact that environmentalpollution is becoming more serious.

c.动词做主语。

例句:Do part-time jobs helps students to relieve their financial burden.

应改成:Doing part-time jobs helps students torelieve their financial burden.

05、定语从句的使用错误

a.定语从句缺乏谓语动词

例句:Those who overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks.

应改成:Those who are overweight or indulge in unhealthy diets are candidates for heart attacks.

b.定语从句中动词的数应该和先行词的人称保持一致。

例句:The elderly, who is normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and compassion from their family.

应改成:The elderly, who are normally incapable of looking after themselves, need time and compassion from their family.

06、主系表结构使用错误

例句: We are impossible to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

应改成:It is impossible for us to make any progress without correcting the mistakes.

07、时态错误

时态错误:一般现在时和过去时

例句:Last year,I go to Australia to take a summer program.

应改成:Last year,I went to Australia to take a summer program.

08、不间断句子

例句:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

应改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world.

其他语法错误

01、标点符号用错

例句: As far as I am concerned,people should take exercise and relax themselves on a weekly basis. Because it offers great opportunities to release their stress.

剖析:Because引导的句子做原因状语从句,既然是从句,那么前面就不应该使用句号使其独立成句,而应该改成逗号,because首字母小写。

应改成: As far as I am concerned,people should take exercise and relax themselves on a weekly basis, because it offers great opportunities to release their stress.

02、修饰语错位

同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化。

例句:I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside thecampus.

应改成:I believe I can do it well and I will know the world outside thecampus better.

03、措辞错误

例句:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

分析:显然,考生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use(不断增加的使用)”应改为“abusive use(滥用)”。

应改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leadsto pollution.


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