【陆哲说】高度预警雅思流程图全解析！（附例文）

　　转眼间，2019年的考试已经完成了43场。纵观今年考试的相关数据，整体而言和往年相似。但是值得大家关注的是，在已经结束的43场考试当中，那个令人头痛的小作文流程图却仅仅考了一次。这不难让人浮想联翩，莫非……

　　大体上说，流程图只分为两种：生产流程与生命周期。

　　前者更为常见，后者颇受冷落。其实更凤毛麟角的是两者的结合。今天就一起和大家分析几篇例文。通读之后，大家在考场中再遇流程图肯定所向披靡无往不利。

　　01生产流程

　　1

　　水力发电

　　这道题是剑十四的第三篇小作文，初看上去着实让人脑壳痛。整个图比较混乱，箭头指向也是不同于以往的流程图。但是仔细分析之后不难看出，本题展现的其实是两个不同的工作原理：白天工作原理和晚上工作原理。分析出这一点，那么本题的写法自然就清晰得多了。如下例文供大家参考：

　　The working theory of a hydropower station built on a river is demonstrated by this flow chart. The operating mode of it varies from the daytime to the night. （开头段先是改写题目，再一句点出本题其实介绍的是白天黑夜两个不同的工作原理。）

　　By daylight, water stored in a high-level reservoir initially flows downstream through the intake under the dam, and then drives turbines, and finally arrives at a low-level reservoir. These turbines, powered by the water flow, can correspondingly operate a generator in the power station. The electricity produced, in the last step, will be transferred to the National grid through power lines. （主一段着重于白天工作原理的描写。）

　　By night, water in the low-level reservoir can be pumped upstream to the high-level reservoir through the same riverway by turbines designed to be able to operate both clockwise and anticlockwise. In this process, these turbines spin in the opposite direction as the daytime. The intake under the dam is a non-return one, which is closed at night in order to ensure that water can flow into the high-level reservoir, but not out. （主二段自然是聚焦于夜晚工作原理的描写。本段需要注意的是“反转的涡轮”和“闭合的intake”。这些都是图中细节，不应该忽视。）

　　To sum up, the power station functions in totally opposite ways in the daytime and at night. In the whole process, water is utilized as the energy carrier, which at first releases its gravitational energy to produce electricity and then helps transform electricity into gravitational energy. （结尾段总括全文，揭露出这个工作原理的本质。）

　　2

　　地热能发电

　　其实大部分生产流程图的写法都大同小异，水力发电的原理会写了，那么地热能发电的原理也基本如出一辙。请大家参考下面例文。

　　The working theory of utilizing geothermal energy to produce electricity is demonstrated by this flow chart.

　　Initially, cold water will be pumped into the injection well, which is underground at the depth of around 4.5 kilometers. After being injected, cold water will flow through the geothermal zone, where it will be heated by hot rocks. After becoming hot water, it will be kept in the production well. Thereafter, through pipes, the hot water will be pumped again up to a condenser on the ground.

　　Then, the hot water in this condenser will emit steam with high temperature. Being powered by the steam, the turbine begins spinning. Subsequently, the generator will be driven by the spinning turbine, thus producing electricity. Thereafter, the electricity from the generator will be transported to the grid for all users.

　　To sum up, the flow chart reveals how geothermal energy is used for generating electricity in five sequential stages. During the whole process, cold water will be heated and release steam which is able to power the generator. This is how the whole process functions.

　　02生命周期

　　剑桥真题中，完整的生命周期图其实就一个“鲑鱼的生命周期”。看似复杂，信息细节较多。但是只要按部就班地写，不忽视任何一个图面信息即可。如下例文供大家参考。

　　The life cycle of a kind of large fish, salmon, is illustrated by this flow chart.  

　　An appropriate place for adult salmons to lay eggs is upper river with water moving slowly, and eggs are often produced under small stones at the root of reeds. After 5 or 6 months’ growth, eggs become fries with a length of 3 to 8 cm.

　　Then, fries will leave to lower rivers where the water flow is relatively fast. They will spend approximately 4 years living there, and subsequently their length will reach 12 to 15 cm, called smolts.  

　　Smolts will move to the open sea where they will live for about 5 years. After 5 years living there, they become 70 to 76 cm, called Adults salmon. Having swam back to where they were born, they will produce their own eggs there. That is how their life cycles.

　　In summary, salmon spend their whole life in three places and their life cycles usually last for almost 10 years.  

　　在剑十中，本题也提供了考官例文，大家可以去书中参考。

　　03二者的结合

　　这道题，大家肯定不会陌生。剑六中的真题，一个生命周期和生产流程的结合体。看着繁复，其实写起来还是比较连贯的。书中也提供的考官的例文，大家可以一起参考一下。

　　The first diagram shows that there are four main stages in the life of the silkworm. First of all, eggs are produced by the moth and it takes ten days for each egg to become a silkworm larva that feeds on mulberry leaves. This stage lasts for up to six weeks until the larva produces a cocoon of silk thread around itself. After a period of about three weeks, the adult moths eventually emerge from these cocoons and the life cycle begins again.

　　The cocoons are the raw material used for the production of silk cloth. Once selected, they are boiled in water and the threads can be separated in the unwinding stage. Each thread is between 300 and 900 meters long, which means they can be twisted together, dyed and then used to produce cloth in the weaving stage.

　　Overall, the diagrams show that the cocoon stage of the silkworm can be used to produce silk cloth through a very simple process.

　　接下来的一段时间，A类小作文考试中流程图高度预警，希望本文可以为各位备考阶段的考生提供帮助。

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